The Zoltan Blog » linux http://www.zoltanfagyal.com/blog Thu, 07 Jan 2010 03:37:34 +0000 http://wordpress.org/?v=2.9.1 en hourly 1 Changing files and folders so they are accessable by user and apache as well http://www.zoltanfagyal.com/blog/2009/12/16/changing-files-and-folders-so-they-are-accessable-by-user-and-apache-as-well/#utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=changing-files-and-folders-so-they-are-accessable-by-user-and-apache-as-well http://www.zoltanfagyal.com/blog/2009/12/16/changing-files-and-folders-so-they-are-accessable-by-user-and-apache-as-well/#comments Wed, 16 Dec 2009 22:52:41 +0000 admin http://www.zoltanfagyal.com/blog/2009/12/16/changing-files-and-folders-so-they-are-accessable-by-user-and-apache-as-well/ SHARETHIS.addEntry( { title: "Changing files and folders so they are accessable by user and apache as well", url: "http://www.zoltanfagyal.com/blog/2009/12/16/changing-files-and-folders-so-they-are-accessable-by-user-and-apache-as-well/" } ); ]]> Follow the commands below to change files and folders so they are accessible to users and the apache group as well by adding the user to the apache group and assigning full read, write, execute privileges to user and apache group.
cd /var/www
find . -type d | xargs chmod 775
find . -type f | xargs chmod 664
chown -R paul.apache *

I assume paul is the user

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]]> http://www.zoltanfagyal.com/blog/2009/12/16/changing-files-and-folders-so-they-are-accessable-by-user-and-apache-as-well/feed/ 0 How to change owner of files or directories recursively in Linux? http://www.zoltanfagyal.com/blog/2009/12/14/how-to-change-owner-of-files-or-directories-recursively-in-linux/#utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=how-to-change-owner-of-files-or-directories-recursively-in-linux http://www.zoltanfagyal.com/blog/2009/12/14/how-to-change-owner-of-files-or-directories-recursively-in-linux/#comments Mon, 14 Dec 2009 23:21:57 +0000 admin http://www.zoltanfagyal.com/blog/2009/12/14/how-to-change-owner-of-files-or-directories-recursively-in-linux/ SHARETHIS.addEntry( { title: "How to change owner of files or directories recursively in Linux?", url: "http://www.zoltanfagyal.com/blog/2009/12/14/how-to-change-owner-of-files-or-directories-recursively-in-linux/" } ); ]]> To change owner of files or directories recursively in Linux use the following command: (MAKE SURE YU ARE IN THE DIRECTORY YOU WANT TO CHANGE THE FILES/FOLDERS WITHIN)
chown -R user/group — (substitute user/group with the user name and group name.

For example:
chown -R paul/administrator — (paul is the name of the user and administrator is the name of the group)

For future reference, “-R” is used by nearly all programs to specify a recursive action.

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]]> http://www.zoltanfagyal.com/blog/2009/12/14/how-to-change-owner-of-files-or-directories-recursively-in-linux/feed/ 0 How to get/find out the owner of a file or directory in Linux http://www.zoltanfagyal.com/blog/2009/12/14/how-to-getfind-out-the-owner-of-a-file-or-directory-in-linux/#utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=how-to-getfind-out-the-owner-of-a-file-or-directory-in-linux http://www.zoltanfagyal.com/blog/2009/12/14/how-to-getfind-out-the-owner-of-a-file-or-directory-in-linux/#comments Mon, 14 Dec 2009 23:16:53 +0000 admin http://www.zoltanfagyal.com/blog/2009/12/14/how-to-getfind-out-the-owner-of-a-file-or-directory-in-linux/ SHARETHIS.addEntry( { title: "How to get/find out the owner of a file or directory in Linux", url: "http://www.zoltanfagyal.com/blog/2009/12/14/how-to-getfind-out-the-owner-of-a-file-or-directory-in-linux/" } ); ]]> You can use ls -l command (list information about the FILEs) to find our the file / directory owner and group names.

More information: http://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/unix-linux-find-file-owner-name/

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]]> http://www.zoltanfagyal.com/blog/2009/12/14/how-to-getfind-out-the-owner-of-a-file-or-directory-in-linux/feed/ 0 Listing and Editing Cron via Crontab http://www.zoltanfagyal.com/blog/2009/05/26/listing-and-editing-cron-via-crontab/#utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=listing-and-editing-cron-via-crontab http://www.zoltanfagyal.com/blog/2009/05/26/listing-and-editing-cron-via-crontab/#comments Tue, 26 May 2009 18:54:58 +0000 admin http://www.zoltanfagyal.com/blog/2009/05/26/listing-and-editing-cron-via-crontab/ SHARETHIS.addEntry( { title: "Listing and Editing Cron via Crontab", url: "http://www.zoltanfagyal.com/blog/2009/05/26/listing-and-editing-cron-via-crontab/" } ); ]]> To list and edit crons, log in via SSH and use the following commands:

crontab -l to list crontabs
crontab -e to edit crontabs

editing is done in VI. Basic VI commands: http://www.cs.colostate.edu/helpdocs/vi.html

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]]> http://www.zoltanfagyal.com/blog/2009/05/26/listing-and-editing-cron-via-crontab/feed/ 0 How to install Midnight Commander 4.6.1 http://www.zoltanfagyal.com/blog/2008/08/25/how-to-install-midnight-commander-461/#utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=how-to-install-midnight-commander-461 http://www.zoltanfagyal.com/blog/2008/08/25/how-to-install-midnight-commander-461/#comments Mon, 25 Aug 2008 23:29:46 +0000 admin http://www.zoltanfagyal.com/blog/2008/08/25/how-to-install-midnight-commander-461/ SHARETHIS.addEntry( { title: "How to install Midnight Commander 4.6.1", url: "http://www.zoltanfagyal.com/blog/2008/08/25/how-to-install-midnight-commander-461/" } ); ]]> Midnight Commander is a very useful file manager.

Install Midnight Commander
# wget http://www.ibiblio.org/pub/Linux/utils/file/managers/mc/mc-4.6.1.tar.gz
# tar zxvf mc-4.6.1.tar.gz
# cd mc-4.6.1
# ./configure
# make
# make install

To run Midnight commander use

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]]> http://www.zoltanfagyal.com/blog/2008/08/25/how-to-install-midnight-commander-461/feed/ 0 Add users in ‘AllowUsers’ of SSH for SSH access http://www.zoltanfagyal.com/blog/2008/05/22/add-users-in-allowusers-of-ssh-for-ssh-access/#utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=add-users-in-allowusers-of-ssh-for-ssh-access http://www.zoltanfagyal.com/blog/2008/05/22/add-users-in-allowusers-of-ssh-for-ssh-access/#comments Thu, 22 May 2008 13:35:49 +0000 admin http://www.zoltanfagyal.com/blog/2008/05/22/add-users-in-allowusers-of-ssh-for-ssh-access/

]]> If users are not listed in ‘AllowUsers’ list for SSH, these users will be blocked from accessing the server via SSH.
Users will need to be added to the /etc/ssh/sshd_config file.

add this line at the end of the file: AllowUsers username1

Don’t forget to restart the server.

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]]> http://www.zoltanfagyal.com/blog/2008/05/22/add-users-in-allowusers-of-ssh-for-ssh-access/feed/ 0 Edit Sudoers File – visudo http://www.zoltanfagyal.com/blog/2008/05/05/edit-sudoers-file-visudo/#utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=edit-sudoers-file-visudo http://www.zoltanfagyal.com/blog/2008/05/05/edit-sudoers-file-visudo/#comments Tue, 06 May 2008 02:52:39 +0000 admin http://www.zoltanfagyal.com/blog/2008/05/05/edit-sudoers-file-visudo/ SHARETHIS.addEntry( { title: "Edit Sudoers File – visudo", url: "http://www.zoltanfagyal.com/blog/2008/05/05/edit-sudoers-file-visudo/" } ); ]]> 1) Open the sudoers file safely:
visudo command edits the sudoers file in a safe fashion.
Attention: you can only run visudo as root

This is a vi editor. Here are some basic vi commands:

To enter vi insert mode: i
To enter vi command mode: [esc]
To exit vi and save changes: ZZ or :wq
To exit vi without saving changes: :q!

2) Update the sudoers file
Update the part where you see:
## Allow root to run any commands anywhere
root ALL=(ALL) ALL

Add the desired user name and ALL=(ALL) ALL. For example:
user1 ALL=(ALL) ALL

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]]> http://www.zoltanfagyal.com/blog/2008/05/05/edit-sudoers-file-visudo/feed/ 0 How to restart SSH (restarting SSHD) remotely? http://www.zoltanfagyal.com/blog/2008/03/01/how-to-restart-ssh-restarting-sshd-remotely/#utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=how-to-restart-ssh-restarting-sshd-remotely http://www.zoltanfagyal.com/blog/2008/03/01/how-to-restart-ssh-restarting-sshd-remotely/#comments Sat, 01 Mar 2008 20:33:36 +0000 admin http://www.zoltanfagyal.com/blog/2008/03/01/how-to-restart-ssh-restarting-sshd-remotely/ SHARETHIS.addEntry( { title: "How to restart SSH (restarting SSHD) remotely?", url: "http://www.zoltanfagyal.com/blog/2008/03/01/how-to-restart-ssh-restarting-sshd-remotely/" } ); ]]> There are a few different ways to restart SSHD remotely.
You will need root access in order to do this.

1) /etc/init.d/sshd restart

2) kill `cat /var/run/sshd.pid` && /usr/sbin/sshd

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]]> http://www.zoltanfagyal.com/blog/2008/03/01/how-to-restart-ssh-restarting-sshd-remotely/feed/ 4 How to disable root login in Linux http://www.zoltanfagyal.com/blog/2008/03/01/how-to-disable-root-login-in-linux/#utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=how-to-disable-root-login-in-linux http://www.zoltanfagyal.com/blog/2008/03/01/how-to-disable-root-login-in-linux/#comments Sat, 01 Mar 2008 20:28:14 +0000 admin http://www.zoltanfagyal.com/blog/2008/03/01/how-to-disable-root-login-in-linux/ SHARETHIS.addEntry( { title: "How to disable root login in Linux", url: "http://www.zoltanfagyal.com/blog/2008/03/01/how-to-disable-root-login-in-linux/" } ); ]]> It is a good idea to disable root login for security purposes and use your login name and use sudo to get root privileges.

First of all, make sure you have your own login name and you can get root privileges by using sudo.

So, open up /etc/ssh/sshd_config and comment out
AllowUsers root

so it will look like:

#AllowUsers admin

You will need to restart sshd in order to have this setting take effect.

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]]> http://www.zoltanfagyal.com/blog/2008/03/01/how-to-disable-root-login-in-linux/feed/ 0 Linux shell restricting access http://www.zoltanfagyal.com/blog/2007/11/14/linux-shell-restricting-access/#utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=linux-shell-restricting-access http://www.zoltanfagyal.com/blog/2007/11/14/linux-shell-restricting-access/#comments Thu, 15 Nov 2007 02:23:26 +0000 admin http://www.zoltanfagyal.com/blog/2007/11/14/linux-shell-restricting-access/ ]]> Block shell access for user vivek (vivek user account must exits):

Example: # usermod -s /usr/sbin/nologin vivek

Resource: http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/howto-linux-shell-restricting-access.html

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